“Unlikely to benefit”: Extra $1.7 billion for childcare will help some families, but won’t improve affordability for most

The Australian government has announced big changes to its childcare subsidy ahead of the May 11 federal budget.

The changes involve adding $1.7 billion to the $10.3 billion a year already budgeted for childcare. This spending will particularly benefit families with two or more children under five. It will also help couples with a combined income of more than $189,390 by removing the subsidy cap that restricts them to a maximum of $10,560 per child a year.

The government says the changes “deliberately target low and middle income earners, with around half the families set to benefit having a household income under $130,000”.

So, how will these changes affect you? In the short term, not at all. They won’t affect anyone until July 2022.

After that, some families will see great benefit. But our analysis suggests the policy package won’t do much to improve the affordability of childcare for many families on low to middle incomes. Nor will it do anything to address systemic problems.

Defining childcare affordability

A lot of the discussion on childcare affordability focuses on per-hour costs and anecdotal evidence based on individual families’ circumstances.

Families’ lived experiences are important, as are average out-of-pocket fees. But without understanding what affordability means, it’s very difficult to pin down how much of an issue childcare affordability actually is.

Australia has tackled the question of affordability in relation to housing and energy costs. Housing stress for lower-income households, for example, is defined as a lower-income household spending a more than 30% of gross income on accommodation.

In Australia, we don’t have a comparable threshold for childcare affordability.

The US Department of Health and Human Services has set an “affordability threshold” for low to middle income families of 7% of their take-home income. If they’re spending more than 7%, childcare is considered “unaffordable”.

How these measures affect childcare affordability

Increasing subsidies for families with two children under five in childcare will make a big difference to families in that situation. But childcare will remain unaffordable for many.

The government has stated this package will help 250,000 families. However, there are almost 1 million families using childcare, so the majority are unlikely to benefit from these changes.

Our analysis suggests 41% of families with one child aged under five years will continue to spend more than 7% of their disposable income on child care.

That includes half of all households with annual disposable income between $100,001 and $125,000.

For example, a family with a combined gross annual income of $102,000 will still face out-of-pocket costs for full-time childcare of about $11,000 a year.

So, although the measures aim to make childcare more affordable for those families “who really need it most”, our analysis suggests childcare will remain unaffordable for hundreds of thousands of Australian families.

Nor will it make childcare funding and subsidies any less complicated, despite recent reforms aimed at simplifying the system.

What about preschool?

One issue not yet clear is how the changes will interact with other parts of the early childhood education and care system.

A child going to preschool, for example, is eligible for a different set of subsidies. Significant increases to childcare subsidies could see families withdraw children from dedicated preschools and use cheaper childcare services instead.

Given preschools tend to achieve higher quality ratings and are important in supporting children’s transition to school, this would be a very perverse outcome.

What else needs to happen?

The focus on economic growth and female workforce participation also comes at the expense of greater focus on providing a quality service for children and a decent career path for early childhood educators.

These changes are intended to increase demand for childcare. Scaling up the sector to meet that demand, however, will present the same challenges that come with scaling up any service. There are risks of compromised quality — which is crucially important in an area that so intimately affects children’s health, wellbeing and development.

So while these changes will be welcomed by many, the more complex issues will remain — with no real indication as yet of any plan to address them.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.